耳耳 （A. auricula） 是一种营养丰富的真菌和传统药用资源，以黑色素而闻名。本文综述了木耳黑色素的研究进展，主要集中在木耳黑色素的生物合成、发酵生产、提取过程、理化表征、生物学功能和应用等方面。木耳中黑色素的生物合成主要涉及酚类化合物的氧化聚合反应。为了提高黑色素的产生，采用了深度发酵培养、选择最佳发酵材料和优化培养基等策略。已经比较了各种提取过程，以确定它们对黑色素的物理化学性质和稳定性的影响。此外，已经通过体内实验研究了木耳黑色素的抗氧化和抗生物膜活性，以及其对人体的潜在有益影响。这些发现为木耳黑色素的应用提供了有价值的见解，并为该领域未来的研究提供了参考。
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Melanin in Auricularia auricula: biosynthesis, production, physicochemical characterization, biological functions, and applications
Auricularia auricular (A. auricula), a nutritious fungus and traditional medicinal resource, is known for melanin. This review aims to summarize the research progress on melanin in A. auricula, specifically focusing on biosynthesis, fermentation production, extraction processes, physicochemical characterization, biological functions, and applications. The biosynthesis of melanin in A. auricula primarily involves the oxidative polymerization reaction of phenolic compounds. To enhance melanin production, strategies such as deep fermentation culture, selection of optimal fermentation materials, and optimization of the culture medium have been employed. Various extraction processes have been compared to determine their impact on the physicochemical properties and stability of melanin. Moreover, the antioxidant and antibiofilm activities of A. auricula melanin, as well as its potential beneficial effects on the human body through in vivo experiments, have been investigated. These findings provide valuable insights into the application of A. auricula melanin and serve as a reference for future research in this field.
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